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The shape of the Companies Act 2013

Twenty-nine chapters, 470 sections, seven schedules. A working practitioner learns to navigate the Act by chapter, not by section number. This lesson gives you the chapter map.

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Legal basis
Companies Act + MCA primary-source stack current to 10 August 2026. Core: Companies Act 2013 (Act 18 of 2013, assented 29 August 2013); Companies (Amendment) Acts 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020; Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act 2023; Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill 2026 (JPC report tabled in both Houses on 3 August 2026, Bill not yet enacted). Rules: Companies (Specification of Definition Details) Amendment Rules 2025 (notified 1 December 2025, small-company threshold ₹10 crore / ₹100 crore); Companies (Incorporation) Rules 2014 (SPICe+); Companies (Management and Administration) Rules 2014 (MGT-7 / MGT-7A, Rule 20 e-voting); Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules 2014 (Rule 3 VC/OAVM, Rule 15 RPT); Companies (Appointment and Qualification of Directors) Rules 2014 (Rule 12A DIR-3-KYC); Companies (Prospectus and Allotment of Securities) Second Amendment Rules 2023 (Rule 9B dematerialisation) as extended by Amendment Rules dated 12 February 2025 to 30 June 2025; Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules 2014; Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014; Companies (CSR Policy) Rules 2014 as amended by CSR Amendment Rules 2021, 2022, and CSR Policy Amendment Rules 2025 (effective 14 July 2025); Companies (Adjudication of Penalties) Amendment Rules 2024 (E-adjudication live 16 September 2024). Standards: Revised SS-1 and SS-2 approved by ICSI 13 February 2024, MCA-approved 2 January 2024, effective 1 April 2024. MCA Circulars: General Circular 01/2026 (CCFS-2026 launch 24 February 2026); General Circular 03/2026 (CCFS-2026 extended 8 July 2026 to 31 August 2026 after MCA21 data-centre fire of 5 June 2026). Enforcement: Supreme Court ruling of 9 January 2026 in Yerram Vijay Kumar v. State of Telangana (2026 INSC 42) on the Section 447 SFIO complaint gate; NFRA Delhi HC February 2025 and SC March 2025 rulings; FY 2024-25 MCA adjudication scale (approximately 1,150 RD/ROC orders; 15,837 strike-offs via C-PACE).

The Companies Act 2013 [L1-C1] is a big statute. Twenty-nine chapters, 470 sections, seven schedules. Most Company Secretaries who pass the ICSI exam can quote individual sections but struggle when a partner asks them "where in the Act is the rule about interim dividend?" This lesson fixes that by giving you the chapter map.

The 29 chapters, grouped by what they actually do

GroupChaptersWhat lives here
Setting upI, IIDefinitions (Sec 2), incorporation (Sec 3-22)
Raising capitalIII, IV, V, VIProspectus and private placement (Sec 23-42), share capital and debentures (Sec 43-72), deposits (Sec 73-76A), charges (Sec 77-87)
Running the companyVII, VIIIRegisters, meetings, annual return (Sec 88-122), dividend (Sec 123-127)
ReportingIX, XAccounts and Board Report (Sec 128-138), audit (Sec 139-148)
People at the topXI, XII, XIIIDirectors (Sec 149-172), Board powers and meetings (Sec 173-195), managerial remuneration (Sec 196-205)
Regulator interventionXIV, XV, XVIInspection and investigation (Sec 206-229), amalgamations (Sec 230-240), oppression / mismanagement (Sec 241-246)
ExitXVII, XVIII, XIX, XXValuers (Sec 247), strike-off (Sec 248-252), rehabilitation (repealed by IBC), winding up (Sec 270-378)
Special classesXXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIACompanies registered under the Act (Sec 366-374), foreign companies (Sec 379-393A), government companies (Sec 394-395), Producer Companies (Part XXIA)
Registry and reportingXXIV, XXVRegistration Offices and Fees (Sec 396-404), statistical returns (Sec 405)
TribunalsXXVII, XXVIIINCLT and NCLAT (Sec 407-434), Special Courts (Sec 435-446B)
Enforcement and miscellaneousXXIXFraud (Sec 447), false statement (Sec 448), compounding, adjudication (Sec 454), procedural matters (Sec 447-470)

How a practitioner uses the chapter map

Every time a partner or a client asks you a question, translate it to a chapter first, then a section. "Where does the AGM rule live?" is Chapter VII, Section 96. "What about the dividend rule?" is Chapter VIII, Section 123 onwards. "What is the fraud punishment?" is Chapter XXIX, Section 447. Section numbers alone are a memorisation game; chapter navigation is how a working practitioner actually reads the Act.

The seven Schedules

  • Schedule I: Table F (model Articles for company limited by shares) and related tables. Use this when drafting AoA.
  • Schedule II: Depreciation useful lives for tangible assets.
  • Schedule III: Form of financial statements (Division I for non-Ind-AS, Division II for Ind AS, Division III for NBFCs following Ind AS).
  • Schedule IV: Code for independent directors.
  • Schedule V: Conditions for appointment of managerial personnel without Central Government approval.
  • Schedule VI: Infrastructural projects and infrastructural facilities list.
  • Schedule VII: Permissible CSR activities.

Which chapters you will open every week

Chapters II (incorporation), VII (registers and annual return), IX (accounts), X (audit), XI (directors), XII (Board meetings), and XXIX (adjudication) account for roughly 80 percent of routine CS work. Chapters III, IV, and VI open when the company raises fresh capital or creates a charge. Chapters XIV, XV, and XVI open when there is regulator action or a corporate action like a merger or an oppression petition. Chapters XVII to XX are exit territory.

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Citations
Companies Act 2013, Act Overview (Companies Act 2013 (Act 18 of 2013)) L1-C1
Companies Act 2013 assented 29 August 2013. 29 chapters, 470 sections, 7 schedules. Governs incorporation, capital raising, board and general meetings, accounts, audit, directors and KMP, mergers, oppression and mismanagement, winding up, NCLT/NCLAT jurisdiction, and adjudication of penalties. Amended by the 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020 Amendment Acts and by the Jan Vishwas Act 2023. Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill 2026 JPC report tabled in both Houses on 3 August 2026; Bill not yet enacted as of 10 August 2026. Companion regime for LLPs sits in the LLP Act 2008.
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Reading Module 1. Enrol to unlock the rest of the course.
Module 1: Foundations: the Act, the Rules, the MCA V3 portal reality
Module 2: Incorporation and post-incorporation compliance
  • SPICe+ Part A and Part B walkthrough
  • The first-year compliance clock
  • Registered office changes and INC-22 discipline
  • Object clause amendments and MGT-14
Module 3: Board governance: composition, meetings, resolutions, SS-1 discipline
  • Board composition under Section 149 and the independent-director rule
  • Section 173 board meeting cadence and VC/OAVM under Rule 3
  • Revised SS-1 effective 1 April 2024
  • Section 179 board powers vs Section 180 special-resolution matters
Module 4: General meetings, AGM, resolutions, SS-2 discipline
  • Section 96 AGM: timing, place, and ROC extension
  • Section 101 notice: 21 clear days, content, delivery
  • Quorum, chair, proxies, and e-voting under Rule 20
  • Revised SS-2 and Section 117 filing of resolutions
Module 5: Statutory filings and the annual filing cycle
  • The annual filing cycle: AOC-4 family and MGT-7 / MGT-7A
  • DIR-3-KYC: the annual DIN hygiene ritual
  • DPT-3, MSME-1, and other rolling filings
  • Late fees, additional fees, and the CCFS-2026 catch-up window
Module 6: CSR under Section 135: applicability, spend, reporting
  • Section 135: applicability thresholds and the 2% spend calculation
  • Unspent CSR Account and Schedule VII permitted activities
  • CSR-1 substituted July 2025 and CSR-2 annual reporting
  • CSR non-compliance and MCA enforcement pattern
Module 7: Directors, KMP, and related-party transactions
  • Director appointment, retirement, removal, and Section 164 disqualifications
  • Independent director qualification, IICA databank, and proficiency test
  • Section 203 KMP: MD/WTD, CFO, CS trigger
  • Related-party transactions under Section 188 and Rule 15
Module 8: Secretarial audit, MCA enforcement, and capstone
  • Section 204 secretarial audit and Form MR-3
  • E-adjudication and the MCA enforcement pattern
  • Strike-off under Section 248 and C-PACE
  • Jan Vishwas Act 2023 impact and NFRA context
  • Capstone: 12-month compliance calendar for a mid-market unlisted private company
Module 9: Final Exam and Certificate